ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ
ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠯᠠᠠᠭᠳᠤ
ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠤᠫᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠃
ᠦᠨᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠤᠶᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠭᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠴᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠨᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠤᠨ ᠂ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠯᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠤ ᠃
1. ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ︽ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ︽ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ︾ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠳ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠃ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠡ ᠃ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ︽ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ︵ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ ︶ ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠢ ᠃
2. ︽ ᠰᠢᠦ᠋ᠠᠭᠨᠤ ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︽ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠃ ︽ ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠠᠭᠭᠤᠢ ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠠᠭᠭᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ︽ ᠡᠾᠦ᠋ᠠᠭᠨᠤ ᠰᠢᠦ᠋ᠠᠭᠨᠤ ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠷᠭᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠂ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠂ ᠨᠡᠠᠭ᠌ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠠᠨ ︵秦赵燕) ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠤᠮᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠃ ᠦᠨᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ︽ ᠡᠾᠦ᠋ᠠᠭᠨᠤ ︾ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ︽ ᠡᠾᠦ᠋ᠠᠭᠨᠤ ︾ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨᠡ ︽ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ︾ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃
3. ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠸᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠄ ᠴᠢᠠᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠡᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ︶ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ︽ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ ︾ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠮᠤᠢ ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ︵ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ︶ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠢᠯᠡᠨ ︽ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠮᠤᠢ ᠃
ᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠨᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠤᠯ ︵ ᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ︶ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠢᠯᠡᠨ ︽ ᠦᠵᠤᠮᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠮᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠡᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠃
ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠂ ᠴᠢᠠᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠦᠷᠯᠤᠭᠡ ᠦᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠄ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠠᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ ᠃
4. ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠄ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠴᠢᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠠᠠᠭᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠂ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠯᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠡᠳᠴᠠᠢ ᠃
5. ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠠᠠᠭᠭᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ︽ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠭᠰᠢᠳ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠱᠠᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠨ ︽ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ᠋ ︾ ︵ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠸᠠᠴᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠤ ︖ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠵᠢ ︶ 1965 ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ᠃
6. ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ︵ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ1691 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠠᠢ ︶ ᠦᠵᠤᠮᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠨᠤᠡᠭ ᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ1637 ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠲᠤ1637 ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠵᠢᠨᠤᠡᠭ1639 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠴᠢᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ᠃
7. ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠂ ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠠᠢ ︵ ᠴᠢᠠᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ︶ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ︵1642 ᠤᠨ ︶ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠠᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵ 1641 ︶ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠵᠠᠭᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠦᠨᠤᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠃
ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠠᠭᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠸᠠᠨᠷᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠃
ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠤᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠴᠤᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠠᠭᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤᠯᠠᠳ ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰ ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭᠢᠰ ᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠡᠶᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠃
ᠴᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ︽ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ︾ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠠ ︵1206 1642 ︶ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃
ᠴᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠰᠦᠰᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠭᠭ᠌ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠴᠤᠭᠳᠤᠠᠭᠷᠤᠪ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ︵1642 1945 ︶ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠢᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃
1945 ᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠭᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠃
ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ ᠭᠠᠠᠭᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ︾ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠄ ︽ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠠᠭ᠌ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠴᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠨᠤ ᠳᠠᠠᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠸᠠᠬᠦᠸᠠᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠤᠡᠭ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠨᠤ ᠳᠡᠠᠭᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠢᠵᠡᠠᠭ᠌ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠤᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠠᠭ᠌ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠠᠭ᠌ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠰᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠠᠭ᠌ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ ︾ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠡ ᠴᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠢ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠂ ᠭᠢᠯᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠴᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ︖ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠰᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠠᠭ᠌ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ 23 ᠂ 24 ᠂ 25 ᠂ 26 ᠂ 27 ᠂ 28 ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨᠤᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠸ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠴᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠴᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠰᠤᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠵᠡᠭᠤᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠠᠭᠵᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠰᠦᠤᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠢᠨᠤᠡᠭ ᠂ ᠰᠦᠰᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮ ᠢᠷᠤᠡ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠃
ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠴᠤᠭᠳᠤᠠᠭᠷᠤᠪ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ︖ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠢᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠂ ᠸᠠᠠᠭ᠌ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠣ ︖ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠯᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠂ ᠮᠤᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠵᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠃
︵ ᠠᠪᠤ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ︶
ᠵᠤᠭᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠄
ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠠᠯᠠᠩᠲᠦ ︿ 1928 1988 ﹀ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠠᠠᠤᠷᠬᠢᠯ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠂ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠵᠡᠪ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ᠃ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤ᠋ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠠᠪᠤ᠋ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠦᠰᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠤᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠵᠠᠮᠰᠦ ᠮᠠᠮᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠃ 1941 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠠᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠂ ᠭᠠᠩᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠡ ᠃
1945 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠾᠮᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠵᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠤᠮᠢᠰᠰᠡᠷ ᠲᠣ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠡ ᠵᠡᠰᠡᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠲᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠷᠢᠭ᠌ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠡᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ ᠃
1948 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 6 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠭᠸᠨ᠋ᠸᠷᠡᠯ ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠴᠤᠭᠲᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ 7 ᠰᠠᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠨᠲᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ︽ ᠰᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠢ ︾ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ ᠃ 8 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠲᠣ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠲᠠᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠢᠭᠯᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠂ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠲᠦ 52 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠶᠡᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ︿ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ﹀ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠ ᠃
1953 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠡᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠶᠡᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠡᠲᠡᠡ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ︵ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠡᠡ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠶᠡᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠡᠲᠡᠡ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠥ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠡᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠡ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠡᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭ ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠰᠡᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ ᠃